LINKS
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Revolution
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine-American_War
http://secinfreg.websitetoolbox.com/post/philippine-insurrection-2nd-infantry-5415760
http://freimaurer-wiki.de/index.php/En:Chinese_Masonry_of_the_Philippines
Sun Yat Sen arms Filipinos, sets up triads in the Phillipines
https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/to1914.htm
http://www.royalsultanateofsulu.com/
The gathering together that took place in Manila on the night of July 7th 1892 , is the story of a few determined men namely Andrés Bonifacio, Teodoro Plata and Ladislao Diwa. The conditions were ripe after what Filipinos considered a betrayal of their legitimate aspirations to independence and very notably after the peace protocol had been signed between Spain and the United States, and the day after, August 13th, where they were empeached of taking the capital and thus achieving the very aim of their war against the Spaniards, reclaiming all of their country from the hands of invaders.
Now Americans stood as the new power to be removed, and so the very men that uprooted the Spaniards, now decided to turn against Americans as well. This is what happened, yes, not lawless men, but freedom fighters who succeeded freeing their land from Spain at the cost of hefty sacrifices, battle hardened men who knew battle grounds and now where embarking on the spy trade.
A secret society? at the instigation of whom might we ask. But if we venture further into the history of Asian secret societies we soon find out about the Triads, contemporary at the time, and more anciently we learn about Ninjas, possibly the first secret service in history, and how the culture of secrecy was deeply ingrained in the Asian man.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felipe_Agoncillo familly friend and adviser of http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo
Felipe Agoncillo's Protest on the
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Revolution
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine-American_War
http://secinfreg.websitetoolbox.com/post/philippine-insurrection-2nd-infantry-5415760
http://freimaurer-wiki.de/index.php/En:Chinese_Masonry_of_the_Philippines
Sun Yat Sen arms Filipinos, sets up triads in the Phillipines
https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/to1914.htm
http://www.royalsultanateofsulu.com/
The Katipunan was a Philippine revolutionary society founded by anti-Spanish Filipinos inManila in 1892, whose primary aim was to gain independence from Spain throughrevolution. The society was initiated by Filipino patriots , and others on the night of July 7, when Filipino writer José Rizal was to be banished to Dapitan. Initially, the Katipunan was a secret organization until its discovery in 1896 that led to the outbreak of the Philippine Revolution.
The word "katipunan," literally means 'association,' comes from the root word "tipon," aTagalog word meaning "gather together" or "society."[2] Its official revolutionary name isKataas-taasan, Kagalang-galang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan[1][3] (English: Highest and Most Honorable Society of the Children of the Nation, Spanish: Suprema y Venerable Asociación de los Hijos del Pueblo). The Katipunan is also known by its acronym, K.K.K.
Being a secret organization, its members were subjected to the utmost secrecy and were expected to abide with the rules established by the society.[2] Aspirant applicants were given standard initiation rites to become members of the society. At first, membership in the Katipunan was only open to male Filipinos; later, women were accepted in the society. The Katipunan had its own publication, Kalayaan (Liberty) that had its first and last print on March 1896. Revolutionary ideals and works flourished within the society, and Philippine literature were expanded by some of its prominent members.
In planning the revolution, Bonifacio contacted Rizal for his full-fledged support for the Katipunan in exchange for a promise of rescuing Rizal from his detainment. On May 1896, a delegation was sent to the Emperor of Japan to solicit funds and military arms. The Katipunan's existence was revealed to the Spanish authorities after a member named Teodoro Patiño confessed the Katipunan's illegal activities to his sister, and finally to the mother portress of Mandaluyong Orphanage. Seven days after the Spanish authorities learned of the existence of the secret society, on August 26, 1896, Bonifacio and his men tore their cédulas during the infamous Cry of Balintawak that started the Philippine Revolution.
The gathering together that took place in Manila on the night of July 7th 1892 , is the story of a few determined men namely Andrés Bonifacio, Teodoro Plata and Ladislao Diwa. The conditions were ripe after what Filipinos considered a betrayal of their legitimate aspirations to independence and very notably after the peace protocol had been signed between Spain and the United States, and the day after, August 13th, where they were empeached of taking the capital and thus achieving the very aim of their war against the Spaniards, reclaiming all of their country from the hands of invaders.
Now Americans stood as the new power to be removed, and so the very men that uprooted the Spaniards, now decided to turn against Americans as well. This is what happened, yes, not lawless men, but freedom fighters who succeeded freeing their land from Spain at the cost of hefty sacrifices, battle hardened men who knew battle grounds and now where embarking on the spy trade.
A secret society? at the instigation of whom might we ask. But if we venture further into the history of Asian secret societies we soon find out about the Triads, contemporary at the time, and more anciently we learn about Ninjas, possibly the first secret service in history, and how the culture of secrecy was deeply ingrained in the Asian man.
In Camiguin, Aguinaldo reports meeting with Admiral Dewey, and recalls: "I asked whether it was true that he had sent all the telegrams to the Consul at Singapore, Mr. Pratt, which that gentleman had told me he received in regard to myself. The Admiral replied in the affirmative, adding that the United States had come to the Philippines to protect the natives and free them from the yoke of Spain. He said, moreover, that America is exceedingly well off as regards territory, revenue, and resources and therefore needs no colonies, assuring me finally that there was no occasion for me to entertain any doubts whatever about the recognition of the Independence of the Philippines by the United States."[28] By late May Dewey had been ordered by the U.S. Department of the Navy to distance himself from Aguinaldo lest he make untoward commitments to the Philippine forces.[30]
In a matter of months after Aguinaldo's return, Filipino revolutionary forces conquered nearly all of Spanish-held ground within the Philippines. With the exception of Manila, which was completely surrounded by revolutionary forces some 12,000 strong, the Filipinos now controlled the Philippines. Aguinaldo also turned over 15,000 Spanish prisoners to the Americans, offering them valuable intelligence. On June 12 Aguinaldo declared independence at his house in Cavite El Viejo.
On August 13, with American commanders unaware that a peace protocol had been signed between Spain and the United States on the previous day, American forces captured the city of Manila from the Spanish.[31] Governor-General Fermin Jaudenes had made a secret agreement with Dewey and General Wesley Merritt. Jaudenes specifically requested to surrender only to the Americans, not to the Filipino rebels. To save face, he proposed a mock battle with the Americans preceding the Spanish surrender; the Filipinos would not be allowed to enter the city. Dewey and Merritt agreed to this, and no one else in either camp knew about the agreement. On the eve of the mock battle, General Thomas M. Anderson telegraphed Aguinaldo, “Do not let your troops enter Manila without the permission of the American commander. On this side of the Pasig River you will be under fire”.[32]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felipe_Agoncillo familly friend and adviser of http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo
Felipe Agoncillo's Protest on the
Injustice of the Treaty of Paris
December 1898
If the Spaniards have not been able to transfer to the Americans the rights which they did not possess; if the latter have not militarily conquered positions in the Philippines; if the occupation of Manila was a resultant fact, prepared by the Filipinos; if the international officials and representatives of the Republic of the United States of America offered to recognize the independence and sovereignty of the Philippines, solicited and accepted their alliance, how can they now constitute themselves as arbiters of the control, administration and future government of the Philippine Islands?
If the Treaty of Paris there had simply been declared the withdrawal and abandonment by the Spaniards of their domination --if they had such --over Filipino territory, if America, on accepting peace, had signed the Treaty, without prejudice to the rights of the Philippines, and with a view to coming to a subsequent settlement with the existing Filipino National Government, thus recognizing the sovereignty of the latter, their alliance and the carrying out of their promises of honor to the said Filipinos, no protest against their action would have been made. But in view of the terms of the Article III of the Protocol, the attitude of the American Commissioners, and the imperative necessity of safeguarding the national rights of my country, I take this protest, for the before-mentioned reasons but with the proper legal reservations, against the action taken and the resolutions passed by the Peace Commissioners at Paris and in the Treaty signed by them.
http://books.google.co.ma/books?id=JMRwK4ng_zYC&pg=PA52&dq=%22on+11+June+1913%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=7p3YULDcO4j-9QSRuoCgAg&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22on%2011%20June%201913%22&f=false
http://books.google.co.ma/books?id=JMRwK4ng_zYC&pg=PA52&dq=%22on+11+June+1913%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=7p3YULDcO4j-9QSRuoCgAg&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22on%2011%20June%201913%22&f=false
